Grammar : Right Form Of Verb (50+ Rules)

Right Form Of Verb

Verb বাক্যের প্রাণ। তাই Verb শুদ্ধ না হলে বাক্য শুদ্ধ হয় না। শুদ্ধ বাক্য গঠনের ক্ষেত্রে Right form of Verbs এর ব্যবহার অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। Verb এর সঠিক রূপের ব্যবহার নিয়ে নিম্ন আলোচনা করা হল —

Rule — 1

Subject যদি 3rd Person এবং Singular Number হয়ে থাকে এবং Verb যদি Present Indefinite Tense এ থাকে তবে Verb এর শেষে s বা es যোগ করতে হয়। উদাহরণ :

The boy (play) football.
Ans : The boy plays football.

Salma (go) to school.
Ans : Salma goes to school.

Karim (eat) rice.
Ans : Karim eats rice.

3rd Person & Singular Number = He, She, It, Name etc.

Rule — 2

Universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), habitatual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) বুঝালে Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন :

The sun (rise) in the East.
Ans : The sun rises in the East.

The moon (shine) at night.
Ans : The moon shines at night.

Rule — 3

কোন সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এমন Sentence এ যদি always, regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন :

He (always) disturb the class.
Ans : He always disturbs the class.

A good student (prepare) his lessons regularly.
Ans : A good student prepares his lessons regularly.

Rule — 4

সাহায্যকারী Verb বিহীন বাক্যকে Negative বা Interrogative করতে হলে Tense ও Subject অনুসারে do, does বা did ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন :

Lotila not (sing) a so song.
Ans : Lotifa does not sing a song.

He (come) home yesterday?
Ans : Did he come home yesterday?

Rule — 5

Interrogative sentence যদি what, when, where, who, which, whose, why, how থাকে তাহলে subject এর পূর্বে Tense ও person Auxiliary verb যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন :

What you (do) now?
Ans : What are you doing now?

What you (want)?
Ans : What do you want?

Why Mrs. Ghos (look) so angry?
Ans : Why does Mrs. Ghos look so angry?

Rule — 6

বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝাতে Verb এর Present Continues Tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে বর্তমান সময়ের (যেমন— now, at this moment, at present ইত্যাদি) উল্লেখ থাকে। উদাহরণ :

He (sing) a song now.
Ans : He is singing a song now.

They (watch) TV. at this moment.
Ans : They are watching TV. at this moment.

Rule — 7

কোন Sentence এ যদি has, have / had থাকে তাহলে Verb এর Past Participle হয়। উদাহরণ :

He has (do) the work.
Ans : He has done the work.

We have (make) him captain.
Ans : We have made him captain.

Rule — 8

কোন Sentence এ যদি Just, Just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে Present Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন :

I (see) him recently.
Ans : I have seen him recently.

Nusrat (go) out just now.
Ans : Nusrat has gone out just now.

Rule — 9

Since এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite / Present Perfect Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন :

It is many years since I (come) to Dhaka.
Ans : It is many years since I came to Dhaka.

Many years have passed since his father (die).
Ans : Many years have passed since his father died.

Rule — 10

Since এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন :

It was many years since they first (meet).
Ans : It was many years since they had first met.

It was long since I (see) her last.
Ans : It was long since I had seen her last.

Rule — 11

Past point of time অর্থাৎ অতীত নিদের্শক শব্দ word বা phrase যেমন : yesterday, ago, long ago, long since, last, last week, last night, last year, once upon a time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Past Indefinite Tense হয়। উদাহরণ :

He (leave) home last night.
Ans : He left home last night.

I (come) home last week.
Ans : I came home last week.

I (see) you long ago.
Ans : I saw you long ago.

I (receive) your letter yesterday.
Ans : I received your letter yesterday.

My uncle (die) long since.
Ans : My uncle died long since.

Rule — 12

Before এর প্রথম অংশ Past Perfect Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয় এবং after এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন :

The patient (die) before the doctor came.
Ans : The patient had died before the doctor came.

The patient died after the doctor (come).
Ans : The patient died after the doctor had come.

Rule — 13

Have, has, had, having, get, got, being এবং to be এর পরে verb এর Past Participle হয়। যেমন :

I had my rice (cook).
Ans : I had my rice cooked.

Air is being (pollute) in many ways.
Ans : Air is being polluted in many ways.

Rule — 14

কোন কাজ অতীতে শুরু হয়ে এখনও চলিতেছে বুঝালে verb এর Present Perfect Continuous Tense হয়। যেমন :

I (read) for three hours.
Ans : I have been reading for three hours.

It (rain) since morning.
Ans : It has been raining since morning.

Rule — 15

In Future অর্থাৎ ভবিষ্যতে কোন কিছু করার ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করতে Be verb + going to ব্যবহার করতে হয়। সেক্ষেত্রে going to এর পরবর্তী verb এর Present form হয়। উদাহরণ :

He (go) to open a bank account.
Ans : He is going to open a bank account.

They (to go) to build a house.
Ans : They are going to build a house.

Rule — 16

In Future অর্থাৎ ভবিষ্যতে কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়ে থাকবে এরূপ অনুমান বুঝালে Future Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন :

Rakib (to reach) Dhaka by this time.
Ans : Rakib will have reached Dhaka by this time.

Tomal (to do) the work in this time.
Ans : Tomal will have done the work in this time.

Rule — 17

To be verb অর্থাৎ am, is, are, was, were এরপর Passive voice এ মূল verb এর Past Participle হয়। উদাহরণ :

Rice is (eat) by him.
Ans : Rice is eaten by him.

Cricket is (play) by them.
Ans : Cricket is played by them.

Rule — 18

কোন Sentence যদি there দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং তারপর যদি singular number থাকে তাহলে there এর পর singular verb বসে এবং plural number থাকলে there এর পরে plural verb বসে। যেমন :

There (be) a high school in our village.
Ans : There is a high school in our village.

There (be) two high schools in our village.
Ans : There are two high schools in our village.

Rule — 19

একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়। যেমন :

Fifty miles (be) a long way.
Ans : Fifty miles is a long way.

Twenty years (be) a long time.
Ans : Twenty years is a long time.

Rule — 20

All এর পরে সর্বদা plural verb বসে। কিন্ত প্রবাদ বাক্যে Singular verb বসে। যেমন :

All women (be) present in the meeting.
Ans : All women were present in the meeting.

All (be) well that ends well.
Ans : All is well that ends well.

Rule — 21

A number of এর ক্ষেত্রে Subject এবং Verb উভয়ই Plural হয়। কিন্তু the number of এর ক্ষেত্রে Subject Plural হবে এবং verb singular হবে। যেমন :

A number of students (be) present.
Ans : A number of students were present.

The number of students (be) present.
Ans : The number of students was present.

Rule — 22

Tomorrow, tonight, day, after tomorrow, next day, next month, next year ইত্যাদি ভবিষ্যৎ নিদের্শক শব্দ বা word যুক্ত sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন :

I (go) home tomorrow.
Ans : I shall go home tomorrow.

My father (go) to India next year.
Ans : My father will go to India next year.

Rule — 23

Present Perfect বা Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect বা Past Perfect Continuous Tense এ Period of time বা কিছু কাল ব্যাপিয়া সময় বুঝাতে for এবং Point of time বা নিদির্ষ্ট সময় বুঝাতে Since ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন :

It (rain) for three hours.
Ans : It has been raining for three hours.

It (rain) since morning.
Ans : It has been raining since morning.

Rule — 24

Perfect participle এর ক্ষেত্রে sub ordinate clause এর আগে ব্যবহৃত having এর পরে verb এর Past participle form ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন :

Having (finish) my supper, I shall go to bed.
Ans : Having finished my supper, I shall go to bed.

Having (say) this, he went away.
Ans : Having said this, he went away.

Rule — 25

যদি কোন Simple Sentence এ দুটি verb থাকে তাহলে ব্রাকেটের verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় অথবা verb টির পূর্বে to বসাতে হয়। উদ্দেশ্য বুঝাতে ব্রাকেটের verb এর পূর্বে to এবং অবস্থা বুঝাতে verb + ing হয়। উদাহরণ :

I saw him (go).
Ans : I saw him going.

I don't want (leave) this place.
Ans : I don't want to leave this place.

Rule — 26

Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare ইত্যাদির পর প্রদত্ত verb এর Present form হয় এবং উক্ত verb এর পূর্বে to থাকলে উক্ত to উঠে যায়। উদাহরণ :

You had better (to go) home.
Ans : You had better go home.

I will not let you (to enter) the meeting.
Ans : I will not let you enter the meeting.

Rule — 27

It is high time, it is time, wish, fancy ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past form হয়। যেমন :

It is high time he (go) to school.
Ans : It is high time he went to school.

It is high time he (change) his bad habits.
Ans : It is high time he changed his bad habits.

It is time we (take) medicine.
Ans : It is time we took medicine.

I wish I (sing) a song.
Ans : I wish I sang a song.

Rule — 28

As though, as if, wish থাকলে ব্রাকেটের to be verb এর জায়গায় were বসে। উদাহরণ :

He talks as if he (be) a mad.
Ans : He talks as if he were a mad.

I wish I (be) a king.
Ans : I wish I were a king.

Rule — 29

As though/ as if এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite হয় এবং আবার প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন :

He talks as if he (know) everything.
Ans : He talks as if he knew everything.

He speaks as though he (know) everything.
Ans : He speaks as though he knew everything.

She proceeded as though I (not speak).
Ans : She proceeded as though I had not spoken.

Rule — 30

Sentence এর শুরুতে would that থাকলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং প্রদত্ত verb এর present form হয়। উদাহরণ :

Would that I (go) there.
Ans : Would that I could go there.

Would that I (be) a child again.
Ans : Would that I could be a child again.

Rule — 31

প্রদত্ত Verb এর পূর্বে mind, would you mind, worth, without, can not help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, get used to, accustomed to এবং preposition থাকলে ব্রাকেটের verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন :

Would you mind (help) him?
Ans : Would you mind helping him?

Shamima never thought of (go) to cinema.
Ans : Shamima never thought of going to cinema.

Rule — 32

কোন Sentence এর verb তার subject এর number এবং person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।অর্থাৎ subject singular হলে verb singular এবং subject plural হলে verb plural হয়। যেমন :

The colour of his eyes (be) blue.
Ans : The colour of his eyes is blue.

The players in the field (be) strong.
Ans : The players in the field are strong.

Rule — 33

While এর ঠিক পরেই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যে ক্রিয়া থাকে তার সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়। কিন্তু while এর পরে subject থাকলে while এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়। উদাহরণ :

While (walk) in the fileld, snake bit him.
Ans : While walking in the field, snake bit him.

While he (walk) in the garden, a snake bit him.
Ans : While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

Rule — 34

Shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must ইত্যাদি Modal verb গুলো Modal auxiliary verb এর পরে মূল verb টি Present Tense হয়। যেমন :

You may (come) tomorrow.
Ans : You may come tomorrow.

Rahi can (do) the work.
Ans : Rahi can do the work.

Rule — 35

If + Present Indefinite Tense + Future Indefinite Tense.

If যুক্ত clause — টি Present Indefinite Tense হয় তাহলে অপরটি (Principal clause টি) Future Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন :

If he works hard, he (shine) in life.
Ans : If he works hard, he will shine in life.

If you run in the rain, you (catch) cold.
Ans : If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.

I will not go out if it (rain).
Ans : I will not go out if it rains.

Rule — 36

If + Past Indefinite + Past Conditional অর্থাৎ If যুক্ত clause টি Past Indefinite এ থাকলে অপর অংশটির Subject এর পরে would/ could/ might বসে এবং ব্রাকেটের Verb টির Present form বসে। যেমন :

if he came I (go).
Ans : If he came, I would go.

If I had a typewriter, I (type) myself.
Ans : If I had a typewriter, I would type myself.

I would help him If he (want).
Ans : I would help him if he wanted.

Rule — 37

If + Past Perfect + Perfect conditional অর্থাৎ If যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense এ থাকলে অপর অংশটির subject এর পরে would have/ could have/ might have বসে এবং ব্রাকেটের verb এর Past Participle form হয়। উদাহরণ :

If I had seen him, I (tell) him the matter.
Ans : If I had seen him, I would have told him the matter.

If you had started earlier, you (catch) the bus.
Ans : If you had started earlier, you would have caught the bus.

I would have bought a mule if you (tell) me before.
Ans : I would have bought a mule if you told me before.

Rule — 38

No sooner had .............. than, Scarcely had ............. when, hardly had ........... when ইত্যাদি দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে, প্রথম Clause টির Verb Past Participle এবং দ্বিতীয় clause টির Verb Past Tense হয়। যেমন :

No sooner had I reached the station than the train (leave).
Ans : No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.

Scarcely had I finished my work when the bell (ring).
Ans : Scarcely had I finished my work when the bell rang.

Rule — 39

Complex sentence এর Subordinate clause যদি were, had বা if দ্বারা শুরু হয়ে ইচ্ছে প্রকাশ করে থাকে তাহলে Main clause এর verb এর পূর্বে would বা would have বসে। would have এর ক্ষেত্রে verb এর Past Participle form ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন :

If you had read the book, you (learn) more.
Ans : If you had read the book, you would learn more.

If I were a bird, I (fly) in the sky.
Ans : If I were a bird, I would have flown in the sky.
or, Ans : If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.

If I were you, I (not do) this.
Ans : If I were you, I would not do this.
or, Ans : If I were you would have not done this.

If I were a king, I (help) the poor.
Ans : If I were a king, I would help the poor.
or, Ans : If I were a king, I would have helped the poor.

Rule — 40

When বা After দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত হলে, পূর্ববর্তী When বা After যুক্ত Clause টি Present / Future Indefinite Tense হলে পরবর্তী Clause টির Verb Present Perfect Tense হয়। উদাহরণ :

If I shall go to College after I (leave) school.
Ans : If I shall go to college after I have left my school.

I shall go home when I (finish) my work.
Ans : I shall go home when I have finished my work.

Rule — 41

That দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত হলে That এর পূর্ববর্তী Clause টি Past Indefinite Tense হলে, পরবর্তী Clause টি Past Perfect Tense হবে। যেমন :

Romana said that she (do) the work.
Ans : Romana said that she had done the work.

My brother said that he (buy) a shirt for me.
Ans : My brother said that he had bought a shirt for me.

Rule — 42

Lest যুক্ত Sentence এ lest এর পরে যে subject থাকে তার পরে should/ might বসে। উদাহরণ :

He ran fast lest he (miss) the train.
Ans : He ran fast lest he should miss the train.

Read attentively lest you (fail) in the exam.
Ans : Read attentively lest you should fail in the exam.

Rule — 43

or দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি singular subject এর পূর্বে যদি each, every বা no থাকে তাহলে verb এর singular form হবে। যেমন :

Each boy or each girl (be) given prizes.
Ans : Each boy or girl was given prizes.

Every student (have) done their home work.
Ans : Every student has done their home work.

Rule — 44

One of, each of, neither of, the number of. the quality of ইত্যাদি এর পর plural noun থাকলেও singular verb হবে। উদাহরণ :

One of the boys (be) my brother.
Ans : One of the boys is my brother.

Each of the girls (be) beautiful.
Ans : Each of the girls was beautiful.

Rule — 45

কোন কাজের ফলাফল সম্পর্কে অনুমান বা সম্ভাবনা প্রকাশ করতে এবং বক্তার মতামত বা ইচ্ছা ব্যক্ত করতে সকল Person এ Verb এর পূর্বে Should ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন :

He worked hard that he (will) pass the exam.
Ans : He worked hard that he should pass the exam.

We earn money that we (shall) live happily.
Ans : We earn money that we should live happily.

Rule — 46

Can not but / could not but এর পরে verb এর present বসে এবং can not help/ could not help এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing form যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন :

I can not but (go) there.
Ans : I can not bug go there.

We can not help (laugh) at his words.
Ans : We can not help laughing at his words.

Rule — 47

দুই বা ততোধিক singular subject যদি and দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়, তবে verb এর plural number হবে। যেমন :

He and I (am) friends.
Ans : He and I are friends.

Shamin and Shahin (is) cousins.
Ans : Shamin and shahin are cousins.

Rule — 48

And দ্বারা যুক্ত Subject গুলো দ্বারা যদি একক অর্থ বা ধারণা বুঝায় তবে verb singular হবে। যেমন :

Bread and butter (are) all I want.
Ans : Bread and butter is all I want.

Slow and steady (win) the race.
Ans : Slow and steady wins the race.

Rule — 49

Any, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, somebody, something, someone, everybody, everything, whatever, whichever ইত্যাদি subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে তাদের পূরবর্তী verb সব সময় singular হয়। উদাহরণ :

Everybody (wish) to be happy.
Ans : Everybody wishes to be happy.

Nobody (believe) a liar.
Ans : Nobody believes a liar.

Rule — 50

Either ............... or কিংবা Neither ............... nor দ্বারা যুক্ত দুই বা ততোধিক Singular noun থাকলে verb এর Singular Number হবে। Number এবং Person যদি ভিন্ন হয়, তবে নিকটবর্তী Noun টির Number এবং Person অনুসারে Verb বসবে। উদাহরণ :

Neither bread nor rice (are) essential for him.
Ans : Neither bread nor rice is essential for him.

Either you or he (were) absent.
Ans : Either you or he was absent.

Rule — 51

It was/is/will be no good/no use/worth ইত্যাদির পর অবশ্যই ing যুক্ত verb ব্যবহৃহ হবে। উদাহরণ :

It was no good (talk) this opportunity.
Ans : It was no good talking this opportunity.

The book is worth (read).
Ans : The book is worth reading.

There is no point (tell) this.
Ans : There is no point telling this.

It is no use (obtain) that.
Ans : It is no use obtaining that.



Exercise

Karim (play) football.
Ans : Karim plays football

Salam (go) to school.
Ans : Salam goes to school.

The sun (rise) in the East.
Ans : The sun rises in the East.

The moon (shine) at night.
Ans : The moon shines at night.

Shohel always (disturb) in the class.
Ans : Shohel always disturbs in the class.

A good boy (prepare) his lessons regularly.
Ans : A good boy prepares his lessons regularly.

Lotifa not (sing) a song.
Ans : Lotifa does not sing a song.

Tonu (come) home yesterday?
Ans : Did Tonu come home yesterday?

What you (want)?
Ans : What do you want?

Where you (go) yesterday?
Ans : Where did you go yesterday?

My uncle (die) long since.
Ans : My uncle died long since.

It is time (you realize) your mistakes.
Ans : It is time you realized your mistakes.

We (not have) a holiday since the begging of the year.
Ans : We have not had a holiday since the begging of the year.

How many eggs have your hens (lay) this month?
Ans : How many eggs have your hens laid this month?

The Speaker failed to make the audience (to listen) to him patiently.
Ans : The Speaker failed to make the audience listen to him patiently.

If I (be) a king.
Ans : If I were a king.

We look forward (to receive) a response from you.
Ans : We look forward to receiving a response from you.

Rishan walks as if he (be) lame.
Ans : Rishan walks as if he were lame.

He watched the boat (float) down the river.
Ans : He watched the boat floating down the river.

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